2016/10/20 更新
升糖指數(glycemic
index,GI)是用來衡量含有碳水化合物的食物在攝食2小時內血糖上升幅度的指標。升糖指數的計算是以一份含有50公克碳水化合物的食物 (或是25公克碳水化合物含量較低的食物)給予在12小時內未進食的10名健康受試者,在往後的2小時內每15-30分鐘抽取一次血液樣本,以便計算一個被測試食物的總血糖水平反應曲線(iAUC=曲線下增加的面積)[10]。因此升糖指數就是被測試食物的血糖反應曲線在進食後2小時內與50公克葡萄糖的血糖反應曲線做比較的一個百分比。
升糖指數 = 被測試食物的iAUC / 葡萄糖的iAUC * 100。
計算參考值:葡萄糖 (Reference
value: Glucose) GI = 100
糖類sugars:
麥芽糖
|
Maltose
|
105
|
糖漿, 玉米
|
Syrup, High fructose corn 9
|
105
|
葡萄糖
|
Glucose
|
100
|
糖漿, 麥, 米
|
Wheat syrup, rice syrup 9
|
100
|
蔗糖
|
Sucrose
|
71
|
蜂蜜
|
Honey
|
66
|
糖漿, 楓
|
Syrup, maple
|
62
|
乳糖
|
Lactose
|
46
|
果糖
|
Fructose
|
23
|
人工代糖
|
Sugar, artificial
|
10
|
主食Main staples:
穀物片, 玉米碎片,
美國Kellogg牌
|
Cereal, cornflakes,
Kelloggs’s USA
|
132
|
Bread, corn 5
|
110
|
|
粥, 小米磨粉
|
Porridge, millet flour
|
107
|
加工澱粉
|
Modified starch
|
100
|
麵包, 法國
|
Bread, french 5
|
95
|
果醬(塗醬), 仙人掌
|
Jam(Spread), cactus
|
91
|
麵包, 白
|
Bread, white
|
89
|
麵包, 全麥
|
Bread, whole wheat
|
87
|
穀物片, 玉米碎片
|
Cereal, cornflakes
|
83
|
穀物片, 脆米
|
Cereal, rice Krispies
|
82
|
麵, 麵粉, 新鮮
|
Noodles, wheat, fresh
|
82
|
比薩餅, 無加料
|
Pizza, plain
|
80
|
義大利麵, 玉米
|
Pasta, corn
|
78
|
麵包, 裸麥
|
Bread, rye
|
76
|
穀物片, 燕麥片
|
Cereal, cheerios
|
74
|
穀物片, 麥
|
Cereal, wheat
|
74
|
貝果
|
Bagel
|
72
|
木薯澱粉, 蒸
|
Tapioca, steamed
|
70
|
玉米餅, 玉米
|
Tortilla, corn
|
70
|
Cereal, kellogg’s special k
|
69
|
|
湯, 雞與蘑菇
|
Soup, chicken & mushroom
|
69
|
塔可餅
|
Taco shells
|
68
|
羊角麵包
|
Croissant
|
67
|
米粉, 炒
|
Noodle, rice, fried
|
66
|
義大利麵, 米
|
Pasta, rice
|
66
|
Crisp bread, rye , high fiber
|
64
|
|
麵, 烏龍
|
Noodles, udon
|
62
|
米粉
|
Noodles, rice
|
61
|
意大利麵, 麥
|
Pasta, wheat
|
60
|
比薩餅, 起司
|
Pizza, cheese
|
60
|
湯, 扁豆
|
Soup, lentil
|
60
|
湯, 蔬菜
|
Soup, vegetable
|
60
|
薯條, 烤
|
French fries, baked
|
59
|
麵, 蕎麥粉
|
Noodles, buckwheat
|
59
|
麵包, 碎粒全麥
|
58
|
|
粉絲, 米
|
Vermicelli , rice
|
58
|
麵包, 口袋, 麥
|
Bread, pita, wheat
|
57
|
果醬(塗醬), 混和水果
|
Jam(Spread), mixed fruits
|
55
|
意大利麵, 米
|
Spaghetti, rice
|
55
|
麵包, 石磨全麥
|
Bread, whole wheat stone ground
|
53
|
麵包, 酸麵團
|
Bread, sour dough
|
52
|
Bread, pumpernickel
|
51
|
|
穀物片, 全麩
|
Cereal, all-bran
|
51
|
果醬(塗醬), 草莓
|
Jam(Spread), strawberry
|
51
|
粥, 米和牛奶
|
Porridge, rice, with milk
|
51
|
意大利麵, 全麥
|
Pasta, whole wheat
|
50
|
湯, 番茄
|
Soup, tomato
|
50
|
春捲
|
Spring roll
|
50
|
麵, 速食
|
Noodles, instant
|
48
|
寬麵, 蛋
|
Fettucine, egg
|
47
|
寬麵條, 牛肉
|
Lasagna, beef
|
47
|
通心粉
|
Macaroni
|
47
|
粥, 胚芽
|
Porridge, germ
|
47
|
寬扁麵
|
Linguine
|
46
|
麵, 麵粉, 乾
|
Noodles, wheat, dried
|
46
|
天使麵
|
Capellini
|
45
|
餡餅, 牛肉
|
Pies, beef
|
45
|
果醬(塗醬), 杏,
純水果, 無糖
|
Jam(Spread), Apricot Pure Fruit,
no sugar added
|
43
|
意大利麵
|
Spaghetti
|
43
|
春餅, 雞
|
Fajitas, chicken
|
42
|
肉包, 蒸, 台灣式
|
Bun, steamed, meat, Taiwanese style
|
39
|
冬粉
|
Noodle, mung bean
|
39
|
花生醬, 無糖
|
Peanut butter (no sugar added)
|
38
|
Tortilla, wheat
|
38
|
|
比薩餅, 脆薄
|
Pizza, thin & crispy
|
30
|
水餃, 蔥肉
|
Dumpling, meat & shallots
|
28
|
寬麵條, 肉
|
Lasagna, meat
|
28
|
果醬(塗醬), 柳丁, 無糖
|
Jam(Spread), orange, no sugar
|
27
|
蒟蒻
|
Konjac jelly
|
24
|
寬麵條, 素食
|
Lasagna, vegetarian
|
20
|
穀物Grains:
泰國香米
|
Rice, jasmine, white
|
109
|
糯米
|
Rice, sticky, sweet, glutinous
|
94
|
白米, 短/中粒
|
Rice, short/medium grained white
|
93
|
蓬萊米
|
Rice, calrose
|
83
|
揚州炒飯
|
Rice, fried in Yangzhou style
|
80
|
白長米
|
Rice, long-grained white
|
76
|
Rice, parboiled
|
72
|
|
小米
|
Millet
|
71
|
糙米
|
Rice, brown
|
71
|
玉米粉
|
Cornmeal
|
68
|
燕麥, 快煮
|
Oats, quick cooking
|
66
|
蕎麥
|
Buckwheat
|
63
|
麥片
|
Oatmeal
|
58
|
印度香米
|
Rice, basmati
|
58
|
野生米,
加拿大薩斯喀徹溫省
|
Rice, wild, Saskatchewan
|
57
|
玄米
|
Genmai
|
56
|
大麥
|
Barley
|
49
|
小麥片
|
Wheat, bulgur
|
48
|
麥, 整粒
|
Wheat, whole kernels
|
48
|
裸麥, 整粒
|
Rye, whole kernel
|
39
|
白米, 孟加拉
|
Rice, white, Bangladeshi
|
38
|
蛋類eggs:
各種蛋
|
Eggs all kinds
|
0
|
肉類Meat:
各種肉
|
Meat all kinds
|
0
|
加工肉類 Processed meat:
牛肉罐
|
Beef, canned
|
47
|
義式香腸
|
Sausage, Italian
|
48
|
熱狗香腸
|
Hot dog
|
46
|
火腿
|
Ham
|
46
|
奶製品dairies:
優酪乳, 加味
|
Yogurt, flavored
|
67
|
煉乳(加糖)
|
Milk, Condensed, sweetened
|
61
|
優酪乳(低脂)
|
Yogurt, low fat
|
61
|
酸奶油
|
Sour cream
|
50
|
牛奶
|
Milk
|
41
|
奶精(新鮮)
|
Creamer, fresh
|
39
|
優酪乳, 低脂, 自然
|
Yogurt, low fat, natural
|
35
|
優酪乳(無加味)
|
Yogurt, unflavored
|
33
|
煉乳(無糖)
|
Milk, Condensed, sugar-free
|
32
|
牛奶(脫脂)
|
Milk, skim
|
32
|
奶粉(低脂)
|
Milk, powdered, low fat
|
30
|
牛奶(低脂)
|
Milk, low fat
|
26
|
咖啡奶精
|
Creamer, coffee
|
24
|
酸奶油, 脫脂
|
Sour cream, fat-free
|
23
|
牛奶, 發酵3%油脂
|
Milk, fermented 3% fat
|
11
|
奶油
|
Butter
|
0
|
起司
|
Cheese
|
0
|
瑪格林, 軟, 非氫化
|
Magarine, soft, non-hydrogenated
|
0
|
堅果/種子類 Nuts/Seeds:
莧菜子
|
Amaranth seeds 9
|
35
|
芝麻
|
Sesame seeds 9
|
|
葵花子
|
Sunflower seeds 9
|
35
|
腰果
|
Cashew
|
34
|
納豆
|
Natto
|
33
|
杏仁果
|
Almond2
|
30
|
花生
|
Peanut
|
28
|
開心果
|
Pistachios
|
18
|
核桃
|
Walnut2
|
18
|
松子
|
Pine seeds 9
|
15
|
巴西堅果
|
Brazil nuts7
|
0
|
榛子
|
Hazelnuts7
|
0
|
夏威夷豆
|
Macadamia nuts7
|
0
|
美國山核桃
|
Pecan nuts7
|
0
|
豆類legumes:
蠶豆
|
Bean, broad
|
79
|
紅豆
|
Bean, red
|
45
|
豆腐皮(油炸)
|
Tofu, skin, fried
|
43
|
米豆;豇豆
|
bean, black-eyed(cowpea)
|
42
|
蠶豆(乾)
|
Bean, broad, dried
|
40
|
Beans, pinto
|
39
|
|
菜豆
|
Beans, navy
|
38
|
扁豆
|
Lentils
|
37
|
鷹嘴豆
|
Peas, chick(Garbanzo)
|
36
|
豆腐(凍)
|
Tofu, frozen
|
36
|
豆腐渣
|
Tofu, dregs
|
35
|
芸豆
|
Beans, kidney, red
|
34
|
黃豆粉
|
Soybean, powder
|
34
|
利馬豆
|
Beans, lima
|
32
|
綠豆
|
bean, mung
|
31
|
白腰豆
|
Beans, cannellini
|
31
|
白豆
|
Beans, white
|
31
|
黃豆(水煮)
|
Soybean, boiled
|
30
|
毛豆
|
Soybean, young
|
30
|
豆皮
|
Tofu, skin
|
30
|
夏威夷豆
|
Bean, Hawaii
|
27
|
黃豆奶
|
Soybean, milk
|
23
|
黃豆(乾燥)
|
Soybean, dried
|
20
|
黃豆(生)
|
Soybean, raw
|
18
|
魚/介殼類 Fish and shellfish:
魚板
|
Kamaboko
|
61
|
魚漿條
|
Surimi
|
53
|
魚丸子
|
Fish, ball
|
27
|
所有魚/介殼類 *
|
All fish & shellfish *
|
*
|
*美國US: 08, 日本Japan:
40-472
蕈類fungi:
香菇(乾)
|
Mushroom, Shiitake, dried
|
38
|
金針菇
|
Flammulina
|
29
|
松茸菇
|
Mushroom, Matsutake
|
29
|
香菇
|
Mushroom, Shiitake
|
28
|
木耳
|
Tree fungus
|
26
|
洋菇
|
Mushroom
|
24
|
參考資料Reference
1. Laura Dolson."Glycemic Index Food List". About.com
Guide.
http://lowcarbdiets.about.com/od/whattoeat/a/glycemicindlist.htm
2. 永田孝行:餐餐瘦
3.
http://www.carbs-information.com/glycemic-index-food-chart.htm
4. University of Sydney, Australia. "GI database".
http://www.glycemicindex.com/foodSearch.php?ak=list&food_name_search_type=cn&food_name=&gi_search_type=lte&gi=150&gl_search_type=lte&gl=&lop=AND&find=Find+Records&page=1
5. Al Sears, MD. "Power for healthy living".
http://www.alsearsmd.com/glycemic-index/
6. South Beach Diet Plan for Beginners.
http://www.southbeach-diet-plan.com/lowglycemicfoodlist.htm
7. GI Diet Information About Carbs and Health.
http://www.diet-i.com/glycemic-index/gi-nuts.htm
8. Glycemic Index of Foods - GI Value of Food Effect of
Carbohydrate on Blood Glucose Levels.
http://www.carbs-information.com/glycemic-index.htm
9. Four Winds Nutrition
Club. http://www.webnat.com/articles/Glycemix.asp
10. Human Nutrition Unit, School of Molecular Bioscience,
University of Sydney,Australia."About Glycemic Index". http://www.glycemicindex.com/about.php
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